THE IMPORTANCE OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION (WTO) AND UZBEKISTAN’S EFFORTS TO JOIN IT

: This article discusses Uzbekistan’s intended endeavour to become a member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in order to conduct international trade relations, as well as an examination of the WTO organisation and its recent operations

Abstract: This article discusses Uzbekistan's intended endeavour to become a member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in order to conduct international trade relations, as well as an examination of the WTO organisation and its recent operations.

I N T R O D U C T I O N
There is no country in the world today that is developing in isolation. 1Every country in the globe has cre ated equal-scale partnerships with international organizations in order to exploit scientific and technological advancements to promote the well-being of its people.
The World Trade body (WTO) is clearly one such body.To far, 164 countries have joined the WTO. 2 It was once known as the International Trade Organization (ITO), and from 1947 it has been known as the GATT 3 , and its metamorphosis into the WTO demonstrated how significant this organization is.In order for the world's coun tries to execute mutual trade policies, one country may have to traverse the territory of another country, or it may face obstacles in carrying out trade owing to tariff and other limits on commercial interactions in the country.

M E T O D O L O G Y
To avoid problems, the WTO has convened a number of rounds of meetings, including the following: Uruguay Round (1986-1994) Doha Round ( 2001) The preceding two rounds propelled the WTO's formation, as well as its trade volume and development, to a new level.

Figure 1 4
The graph above depicts the average increase in exports and imports from 2009 to 2023.It should also be noted that the Corona virus epidemic had a significant influence.Now we'll look at it in the sector part.According to the chart above, growth in the transportation system was 35% in the second quarter of 2022, this indicator declined by -11% compared to the same period in 2023, and travel climbed by 114% in the second quarter of 2022.This indicator was 35% in the equivalent time of 2023, when the growth was recorded, and it can be seen that the difference in the middle reached 75%.
We can see that it does have an impact.In general, the WTO's membership is growing year by year.
Uzbekistan is become a WTO observer country. 6zbekistan is become a WTO observer country.On December 8, 1994, the application for membership in the organization was lodged under the number PC/W/20 (94-2697). 7It was later considered in Tunisia at its meeting on April 11, 1995 (95-0878), and was registered as WT/ACC/UZB. 8From those years until the present, a number of agreements and a great deal of effort have been done in preparation for the country's entry into the WTO in 2023.We will go into further detail about why our WTO membership is being delayed.Why are we still in the WTO? Didn't we feel bad?It is common for questions to develop for a variety of reasons.There are nations across the world that utilize both liberalization and protectionism in their trade dealings. 9 It is not an exaggeration to state that liberalization is the opening of the country's doors to the goods of multinational enterprises and entrepreneurs, as we are accustomed to seeing in industrialized nations' foreign trade ties.Because their industrial companies are virtually entirely automated.If emerging nations implement liberalization policies simultaneously while conducting foreign commerce, existing newly founded and maturing small firms and private enterprises from major manufacturers may go bankrupt.
As a result, many emerging and poor nations adopt protectionism to safeguard newly founded small com panies and private firms, as well as to strengthen the national brand, offer employment and reduce unemploy ment, enhance tax income, and control inflation.
Following Uzbekistan's independence, our new first president, Islam Karimov, established the Uzbek growth model, which was a gradual transition to a market economy. 10ollowing Uzbekistan's independence, our new first president, Islam Karimov, established the Uzbek growth model, which was a gradual transition to a market economy.
This approach includes the five priority concepts listed below.
• liberating the economy from ideology, assuring its predominance; • serving as the primary reformer of the state throughout the transition period; • basing the whole renewal and development process on laws, ensuring their primacy; • liberating the economy from ideology, assuring its predominance; • serving as the primary reformer of the state throughout the transition period; • basing the whole renewal and development process on laws, ensuring their primacy; • together with the transition to market relations, substantial steps in the sphere of population social pro tection; • step-by-step resolution of market relations. 11

R E S U LT S
The state will initially conduct a protectionist strategy in international commerce, and after creating suf ficiently competitive local goods, it will help to ensure its place in the world market through the liberalization program.
The aforementioned changes did not produce fruit; for example, in 1991, the public sector employed 61.2% of the workforce.This percentage was 24.0% in 2001 and will be 16.8% in 2020. 12 According to the above table, the population of Uzbekistan will expand from 20,862.5 thousand in 1991 to 33,905.2thousand in 2020, and the number of employed persons will increase correspondingly as a conse quence of the state's right protection strategy, to 8,254.We can see that it has changed to 239,600.
The value of small business and private entrepreneurial exports in million US dollars from 2001 to 2008.

Figure 4 14
This graphic clearly shows that, as a result of protectionism, small company and private firm exports did not surpass $1 billion in 2005, but topped $4 billion in 2020.
To increase the significance of this statistic, our state must now tackle the arduous tasks of unlocking the local market and discovering new markets.
We are, in particular, one of the countries whose borders are surrounded by land; the nearest sea is the Indian Ocean, and to reach it, we must pass through the territories of Afghanistan and Pakistan, and through the ports in Pakistan, we can deliver products to any part of the world via a cheap transport network.exists, but it is essential to first become a member of the WTO.If we sell our products to nations who are WTO members, we would face very high customs taxes, which will raise the price of our items and lead them to go unsold.
Tariff and notary limitations on items entering our nation are particularly strong in comparison, as evi denced by the percentage of customs fees in state budget collections.According to this graphic, the percentage of customs fees in the state budget in 2018 was 14.5%, and by 2022, it will be 22.7%, indicating a rise of 8.2% over the previous year.

YA S H I
Customs duty is 15% on goods other than genuine leather or composition leather, Men's or boys' coats, short coats, hats, raincoats, jackets (including ski jackets), windbreakers, windbreakers and the like, but not less than 3.0 USD/unit, 20% on refrigerators, freezers, and other refrigerating or refrigerating equipment, elec tric or otherwise, with a gross weight exceeding 5 tons, 70% + USD 3.0 on other goods vehicles with spark ignition If cm,16 following tariff charges apply.
According to an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) study, trade facilitation programs would bring APEC about 0.26 percent of real GDP, nearly double the expected gains from tariff cuts, and import price sav ings between 1 and -2 percent of import prices for the region's developing countries.
According to analysts, many small and medium-sized firms, which account for up to 60% of GDP gener ation in many nations, are not active players in international commerce, owing to red tape.Tariff barriers are more liquid than tariff barriers.
Administrative hurdles are frequently too high for enterprises who do not send big amounts of items on a regular basis to make international markets appealing.
Inefficiencies in sectors such as customs and transportation can stymie emerging nations' entry into the global economy and substantially harm export competitiveness or foreign direct investment flows.One of the reasons why developing-country exporters are increasingly interested in reducing administrative hurdles, par ticularly in other developing nations, which account for 40% of manufactured-goods exports today. 17resident Shavkat Mirziyoyev has made aggressive moves to join the World Trade Organization.The pres idential decree "On additional measures to ensure price stability in consumer markets" [PF-251]18 was adopted on November 17, and this applies to 22 types of goods (including fish, the application of zero import customs duty on fresh or dried citrus fruits (except lemons), margarine, and others) is a clear example of the increase in the population's real income and the acceleration of work for WTO membership.
The graph below depicts the current status of Uzbekistan's WTO admission.

C O N C L U S I O N
As a result, during the event, Deputy Minister of Justice Alisher Karimov gave a presentation regarding the changes in law enacted following the Working Group's sixth meeting, initiatives established to align national legislation with WTO agreements, and new measures.Also given to the WTO Secretariat was the revised Legislative Action Plan, which included new steps for aligning national legislation with WTO agreements, trans lations of adopted documents, and created projects.The Working Group meeting considerable success in the execution of the Legislative Action Plan was greatly appreciated by the participants at the close of the meeting, and it was announced that the work on legislative coordination would be maintained. 20inally, it should be remembered that no on the planet can grow alone.At the same time, Uzbeki stan should join the World Trade Organization in order to export and sell its products on a global scale.

Figure 6 19
Figure 6 19    In recent years, concerted work has been done to hasten Uzbekistan's participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO), including global and bilateral discussions.Last week saw the 7th meeting of the Working Group on Uzbekistan's WTO membership.During the meeting, topics such as trade of products and services, investment, customs, technical regulation, sanitary and phytosanitary, intellectual property rights, and others were discussed.It should be mentioned at this point that aligning national legislation with WTO agreements and regulations is the major link in expediting WTO mem bership concerns.
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