FROM SCIENCE TO BUSINESS: HOW UNIVERSITIES STIMULATE INNOVATION

Abstract

The article examines the role of universities as key participants in the innovation ecosystem and their contribution
to the formation of the knowledge economy. Special attention is given to the concept of the "triple helix" (university–
business–government), which demonstrates the necessity of close interaction between science, entrepreneurship, and the
state for sustainable technological development. The article analyzes the best global practices for the commercialization
of research results: the activities of technology transfer offices (TTOs), university incubators and accelerators, the creation
of spin-off companies, the establishment of venture funds, and joint corporate laboratories. Examples from MIT, Stanford,
and Cambridge are provided, demonstrating the effectiveness of their student startup support programs (MIT Sandbox,
Stanford StartX).