INCOME INEQUALITY AND MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS IN UZBEKISTAN: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of macroeconomic stability indicators and socio-political factors on income
inequality in Uzbekistan, measured by the Gini coefficient. Using regression analysis with annual data for 2018–2022,
the model incorporates inflation, unemployment, GDP growth, urbanization, social expenditure, education, and political
stability. The results indicate that inflation and unemployment increase inequality, while GDP growth, social spending,
education, and political stability reduce it. Urbanization shows a positive but statistically insignificant effect. Findings
suggest that macroeconomic stability, coupled with social investment and governance reforms, is essential to reduce
income disparities in Uzbekistan. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for inclusive growth and equitable
income distribution.