OROL DENGIZI INQIROZI OQIBATIDA YER DEGRADATSIYASI VA YASHIL IQTISODIYOTGA O‘TISH IMKONIYATLARI: QORAQALPOG‘ISTON MISOLIDA (NDVI VA NDMI TAHLILI ASOSIDA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17870613Keywords:
Qoraqalpog‘iston, Orolbo‘yi, cho‘llanish, masofaviy zondlash, NDVI, NDMI, yashil iqtisodiyot, yer degradatsiyasi.Abstract
Orol dengizining qurishi natijasida uning qurigan tubidan ko‘tarilayotgan chang va tuzlar qishloq xo‘jaligi
maydonlariga hamda aholi punktlariga tarqalib, yerlarning degradatsiyaga uchrashi, hosildorlikning pasayishi va aholining
sog‘lig‘iga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Shu sababli cho‘llanish jarayonini masofaviy zondlash asosida monitoring qilish va
bashoratlash Orolbo‘yi kabi keng hududlar uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega. Ushbu tadqiqotda 1990–2024-yillar orasida
yoz mavsumida olingan Landsat 5, 8 va 9 sun’iy yo‘ldosh tasvirlari asosida yer qoplamidagi o‘zgarishlar tahlil qilindi.
Landshaftdan foydalanish va yer qoplami (LULC), Normallashtirilgan Vegetatsiya Indeksi (NDVI) va Namlik Indeksi
(NDMI) hisoblandi va solishtirildi. Hududning kengligi sababli to‘liq qamrovga erishish uchun bir nechta sun’iy yo‘ldosh
tasvirlari mozaikalashtirildi. NDVI natijalari 2024-yilga kelib zich vegetatsiya zonalari 1990-yilga nisbatan kengayganini
ko‘rsatdi. Bu esa ayrim vodiylarda qurigan suv sathlarining asta-sekin o‘simlik bilan qoplanayotganini anglatadi. NDMI
natijalari yuzaki namlikda keskin farqlarni aniqladi: yirik ko‘llar atrofi kuchli darajada qurigan bo‘lsa, hududning janubiy
qismidagi sug‘orma yerlar nisbatan barqaror namlik darajasini saqlab qolgan. Vegetatsiya qoplami va suv resurslarining
uzoq muddatli o‘zgarishini tushunish cho‘llanish xavfi ostidagi Qoraqalpog‘iston kabi hududlarda atrof-muhitni boshqarish
uchun juda muhimdir. Tadqiqotda aniqlangan suv tanqisligi va vegetatsiya dinamikasidagi o‘zgarishlar yashil iqtisodiyot
tamoyillariga asoslangan suv va yer resurslaridan barqaror foydalanish zarurligini ko‘rsatadi. Vegetatsiya va namlik
indekslarini doimiy monitoring qilish iqlim o‘zgarishi hamda antropogen ta’sirlarning ekologik tizimlarga ta’sirini baholashga
yordam beradi va hududning barqaror rivojlanishiga xizmat qiladi.
References
1. Micklin, P. (2007). The Aral Sea Disaster. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 35, 47–72.
2. Dubovyk, O., Menz, G., Conrad, C., Thonfeld, F., & Khamzina, A. (2013). Object-based identification of vegetation
cover decline in irrigated agro-ecosystems in Uzbekistan. Quaternary International, 311, 163–174.
3. Löw, F., et al. (2018). Mapping Cropland Abandonment in the Aral Sea Basin with MODIS Time Series.
4. Gao, B. C. (1996). NDWI—A normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from
space. Remote Sensing of Environment, 58(3), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00067-3
5. World Bank & ICARDA (2022). “The Value of Landscape Restoration in Uzbekistan to Reduce Sand and Dust Storms
from the Aral Seabed.” Washington, DC: World Bank. (Report & data portal).
6. Rhoades, J. D., Chanduvi, F., & Lesch, S. M. (1999). Soil salinity assessment: Methods and interpretation of electrical
conductivity measurements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 57.
7. Yousefi, S., Tazeh, M., & Mohammadi, M. (2018). Assessment of land degradation using NDVI and climate variables
in arid and semi-arid regions. Journal of Arid Environments, 152, 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2018.01.003
8. USGS (2024). Landsat 5, 7, 8 Surface Reflectance Data Products. United States Geological Survey. https://landsat.
usgs.gov
9. Chander, G., Markham, B. L., & Helder, D. L. (2009). Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for
Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors. Remote Sensing of Environment, 113(5), 893–903.
10. Tucker, C. J. (1979). Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Remote Sensing of
Environment, 8(2), 127–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(79)90013-0
11. UNEP (2022). The Aral Sea Crisis: Environmental and socio-economic impacts. United Nations Environment
Programme.
12. FAO (2021). The state of land and water resources for food and agriculture in Central Asia. Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 GREEN ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.