RIVOJLANAYOTGAN IQTISODIYOTLARDA DAROMADLAR TENGSIZLIGINING IQTISODIY O‘SISHGA TA’SIRI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19662706Keywords:
daromadlar tengsizligi, iqtisodiy o‘sish, rivojlanayotgan iqtisodiyotlar, inklyuziv rivojlanish, qayta taqsimlash siyosati, ijtimoiy himoyaAbstract
Rivojlanayotgan bozor iqtisodiyotiga ega mamlakatlar odatda daromadlar taqsimotidagi sezilarli
nomutanosibliklar bilan tavsiflanadi. Mazkur mamlakatlarda iqtisodiy o‘sish sur’atlari nisbatan yuqori bo‘lishiga qaramay,
boylikning taqsimlanishi o‘ta notekis xarakterga ega. Xususan, kapitalning asosiy qismi yuqori daromadli qatlam qo‘lida
jamlangan bo‘lib, kam ta’minlangan aholi guruhlarining daromadlari sekin sur’atlarda o‘smoqda. Ayniqsa, shahar va
qishloq hududlari o‘rtasidagi tafovut keskin namoyon bo‘lib, shahar joylarida daromad darajasining yuqoriligi qishloq
aholisining iqtisodiy imkoniyatlarini cheklamoqda.
Globallashuv va texnologik taraqqiyot iqtisodiy o‘sishni rag‘batlantiruvchi muhim omillar sifatida namoyon bo‘lsa-da,
ularning ijobiy samarasi asosan yuqori daromadli va yuqori malakali ishchi kuchi o‘rtasida jamlanmoqda. Natijada malakaviy
tafovut kuchayib, past malakali ishchi kuchi daromadlarining o‘sish sur’atlari sekinlashmoqda. Shu bilan birga, ijtimoiy
himoya tizimlarining yetarli darajada rivojlanmaganligi jamiyatdagi daromadlar tafovutini yanada chuqurlashtirmoqda.
Xalqaro tashkilotlar, xususan, Xalqaro Valyuta Jamg‘armasi va Jahon banki tadqiqotlari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, daromadlarni
qayta taqsimlashning samarali mexanizmlarini joriy etish muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ayniqsa, ta’lim, sog‘liqni saqlash va
ijtimoiy ta’minot sohalariga yo‘naltirilgan investitsiyalarni oshirish daromadlar tengsizligining salbiy oqibatlarini yumshatish
hamda inklyuziv iqtisodiy o‘sishni ta’minlashga xizmat qiladi. Xulosa qilib aytganda, daromadlar tengsizligini kamaytirish
muammosini hal etish rivojlanayotgan iqtisodiyotlarning uzoq muddatli va barqaror rivojlanishini ta’minlashda strategik
ahamiyat kasb etadi.
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