The relationship between innovation and environmental emissions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15705200Keywords:
green economy, resource efficiency, energy intensity, sustainability policy, renewable energy, economic development, cross-country comparison.Abstract
different income levels. Using a mixed-methods approach, it combines quantitative indicators (energy
intensity, material productivity, renewable energy share) from global databases with a qualitative analysis of national
policy documents from Sweden, Canada, and China. The findings demonstrate that countries with robust institutional
frameworks and consistent environmental strategies (such as Sweden and Canada) show higher efficiency levels,
whereas developing economies like China despite leading in renewable capacity face challenges due to ongoing reliance
on fossil fuels. The research confirms that policy coherence, investment in clean technologies, and national capabilities
are critical for achieving sustainable development goals through green economic transformation
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