The role of all kinds of transports (road, rail, air, and water) in the modern enhancement of tourism logistics in Uzbekistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15863829Keywords:
transport va turizm, turizm logistikasi, havo transporti, yo‘l transporti, temiryo‘l transporti, suv transporti, xalqaro turizm, ichki turizmAbstract
Bugungi kunda insoniyat jamiyatining rivojlanishi bilan turizm sohasi milliy iqtisodiyotning muhim tarmoqlaridan
biriga aylandi. Ushbu sohaning o‘sishiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar turizm iqtisodiyotining asosiy tarkibiy qismlarini tashkil
etadi. Ular orasida transport tizimi sayyohlarning qulay va uzluksiz safarini ta’minlashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Turizm
logistikasi – bu sayohat xizmatlarini muvofiqlashtirish, rejalashtirish, boshqarish va nazorat qilish jarayonlaridir. Bu yo‘l,
havo, temiryo‘l va suv transporti turlaridan tashqari boshqa ko‘plab xizmatlar va jarayonlarni ham o‘z ichiga oladi. Har bir
transport turi turizm iqtisodiyotiga o‘ziga xos hissa qo‘shadi. Masalan, havo transporti xalqaro va uzoq masofali safarlar
uchun muhim bo‘lib, global manzillarni, ayniqsa, orol va chekka hududlarni bog‘laydi. Avtomobil transporti, asosan,
ichki turizmda keng qo‘llaniladi hamda chekka hududlarga kirish imkonini beradi, mustaqil safarlar va moslashuvchan
marshrutlar uchun qulaydir. Temiryo‘l transporti esa ayniqsa Yevropa va Osiyoda yuqori tezlikda harakatlanadigan va
manzarali yo‘nalishlar uchun mashhurdir. Suv transporti esa orol turizmi va sayohat kemalari (kruizlar)da ahamiyatli bo‘lib,
o‘zi alohida sayohat tajribasini yaratadi. Har bir transport turi manzil turiga qarab turizm logistikasi bo‘limlarini qo‘llabquvvatlaydi.
Turizm logistikasi rivoji transport infratuzilmasining takomillashuviga bog‘liq bo‘lib, bu global iqtisodiyotda
turizm raqobatbardoshligini oshirishga xizmat qiladi. Transport infratuzilmasiga investitsiyalar jalb qilish – sayyohlar
oqimini oshirish va zamonaviy turizmni rivojlantirishning asosiy omilidir. Jahonda yillik safarlar soni bo‘yicha: avtomobil
transporti (avtobus, mashina, mototsikllar) ~6–7 milliard, temiryo‘l (metro va shaharlararo poezdlar) ~2.8 milliard, havo
transporti ~4.5 milliard, suv transporti (kruizlar, paromlar, mahalliy kemalar) ~1–2 milliardni tashkil etadi.
Ushbu tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi – O‘zbekistondagi transport infratuzilmasi holatini o‘rganish va uning turizm
logistikasiga ta’sirini tahlil qilishdir. Tadqiqotda transport turlarining turizmga ko‘magidagi ustun va zaif jihatlar solishtiriladi
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