NEW ECONOMIC PHENOMENA: FINANCING CONSUMPTION AND SAVINGS IN THE TRANSITION TO AN EXPECTATION ECONOMY

Аннотация

In the 21st century, the world is experiencing profound structural changes that intensify social and economic
contradictions. Alongside evident global challenges, such as climate change and the technological revolution, new forms
of inequality are emerging that significantly influence the philosophy of financing consumption and accumulation. The rapid
development of artificial intelligence and automation is transforming the labor market by reducing the demand for human
labor in production and service sectors, which leads to increasing unemployment and job instability. These processes
intensify people’s dependence on debt-based financial instruments, where debt becomes not merely a temporary solution
but also a normative element of economic behavior and survival.
At the same time, a digital and social divide is expanding among population groups. Technologically advanced urban
communities gain greater access to resources and opportunities for growth, while vulnerable groups, particularly in rural
areas, face limited access to education, financing, and employment, thereby reinforcing multidimensional inequality
of opportunities. This article analyzes the interconnections between technological transformations, new forms of labor
organization, and financial models of consumption and accumulation, as well as their impact on the social structure
of contemporary society. The study also examines investment issues in key sectors of the economy and regional
development, including the challenges faced by agriculture and rural communities, where a significant share of the global
population still resides.