A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN SAUDI ARABIA AND UZBEKISTAN
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19439947##semicolon##
vocational education, VET systems, comparative analysis, labor market, Saudi Arabia, Uzbekistan, education reform, human capital.##article.abstract##
Vocational education systems are becoming a key driver of economic modernization and workforce
competitiveness in the context of global transformation. This study provides a comparative analysis of vocational education
and training (VET) systems in Saudi Arabia and Uzbekistan, focusing on their institutional frameworks, reform processes,
and alignment with labor market needs. The research identifies key similarities and differences in governance models,
policy priorities, and implementation mechanisms, highlighting the role of cultural and socio-economic factors in shaping
VET outcomes. The findings reveal that while Saudi Arabia demonstrates a centralized and resource-intensive model
driven by strategic national initiatives, Uzbekistan reflects a transitional approach characterized by gradual reforms and
expanding institutional capacity. The study also identifies common challenges such as skill mismatches, limited private
sector involvement, and societal perceptions of vocational education. Based on the analysis, practical recommendations
are proposed to enhance the effectiveness, relevance, and sustainability of VET systems in both countries
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